GS-IV · UPSC Mains PYQEthics 2021 10 Marks

“Refugees should not be turned back to the country where they would face pros- ecution or human rights violation.” Examine the statement with reference to the ethical dimension being violated by the nation claiming to be democratic with an open society.

Microtheme: Ethical Issues in Internation- al Relations and funding · Asked in UPSC Civil Services Mains Examination 2021.

Microtheme deep dive

Ethical Issues in International Relations and Funding

Realism vs cosmopolitanism, humanitarian intervention, aid conditionalities, FCRA and ethics in global funding — GS-4.

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Model Answer Approach

  1. Decode demand: Identify the directive verb (discuss / examine / critically analyse) and bound the scope to Ethical Issues in Internation- al Relations and funding.
  2. Intro (40–50 words): Define the core concept; anchor with a definition, data point, or constitutional/historical reference.
  3. Body: 2–3 thematic sub-heads with crisp points, examples and counter-arguments. Add a relevant case study or committee/report.
  4. Conclusion (30–40 words): Forward-looking — recommendations, way forward, or a constitutional/ethical anchor.

Structure Checklist

  • Definition / context in intro
  • Minimum 1 data point or report
  • Multi-dimensional arguments
  • Counter-view / limitations
  • Diagram, flowchart or map (if applicable)
  • Way forward in conclusion

Keywords to Use

refugeescountryecutionviolationexaminestatementreferenceethical

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