GS-IV · UPSC Mains PYQEthics 2025 10 Marks

Carl von Clausewitz once said, “War is a diplomacy by other means.” Critically analyse the above statement in the present context of contemporary geo-political conflict.

Microtheme: Ethical Issues in Internation- al Relations and funding · Asked in UPSC Civil Services Mains Examination 2025.

Microtheme deep dive

Ethical Issues in International Relations and Funding

Realism vs cosmopolitanism, humanitarian intervention, aid conditionalities, FCRA and ethics in global funding — GS-4.

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Model Answer Approach

  1. Decode demand: Identify the directive verb (discuss / examine / critically analyse) and bound the scope to Ethical Issues in Internation- al Relations and funding.
  2. Intro (40–50 words): Define the core concept; anchor with a definition, data point, or constitutional/historical reference.
  3. Body: 2–3 thematic sub-heads with crisp points, examples and counter-arguments. Add a relevant case study or committee/report.
  4. Conclusion (30–40 words): Forward-looking — recommendations, way forward, or a constitutional/ethical anchor.

Structure Checklist

  • Definition / context in intro
  • Minimum 1 data point or report
  • Multi-dimensional arguments
  • Counter-view / limitations
  • Diagram, flowchart or map (if applicable)
  • Way forward in conclusion

Keywords to Use

clausewitzdiplomacycriticallyanalysestatementpresentcontextcontemporary

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