GS-II · UPSC Mains PYQPolity 2023 15 Marks

”The Constitution of India is a living instrument with capabilities of enormous dynamism. It is a constitution made for a progressive society”. Illustrate with special reference to the expanding horizons of the right to life and personal liberty.

Microtheme: Fundamental Rights · Asked in UPSC Civil Services Mains Examination 2023.

Microtheme deep dive

Fundamental Rights: Text, Trajectory, Contemporary Tests

Articles 12–35, evolving jurisprudence from Gopalan to Puttaswamy, and current FR debates — a UPSC GS-2 primer.

Read the deep dive

Model Answer Approach

  1. Decode demand: Identify the directive verb (discuss / examine / critically analyse) and bound the scope to Fundamental Rights.
  2. Intro (40–50 words): Define the core concept; anchor with a definition, data point, or constitutional/historical reference.
  3. Body: 2–3 thematic sub-heads with crisp points, examples and counter-arguments. Add a relevant case study or committee/report.
  4. Conclusion (30–40 words): Forward-looking — recommendations, way forward, or a constitutional/ethical anchor.

Structure Checklist

  • Definition / context in intro
  • Minimum 1 data point or report
  • Multi-dimensional arguments
  • Counter-view / limitations
  • Diagram, flowchart or map (if applicable)
  • Way forward in conclusion

Keywords to Use

constitutioninstrumentcapabilitiesenormousdynamismprogressivesocietyillustrate
WhatsApp