What do you understand by ‘Standard Positioning Systems’ and ‘Protection Posi- tioning Systems’ in the GPS era? Discuss the advantages India perceives from its ambitious IRNSS programme employing just seven satellites.

Model Answer Approach

1. Decode demand: Identify the directive verb (discuss / examine / critically analyse) and bound the scope to Space Technology.
2. Intro (40–50 words): Define the core concept; anchor with a definition, data point, or constitutional/historical reference.
3. Body: 2–3 thematic sub-heads with crisp points, examples and counter-arguments. Add a relevant case study or committee/report.
4. Conclusion (30–40 words): Forward-looking — recommendations, way forward, or a constitutional/ethical anchor.

Structure Checklist

• ✓ Definition / context in intro
• ✓ Minimum 1 data point or report
• ✓ Multi-dimensional arguments
• ✓ Counter-view / limitations
• ✓ Diagram, flowchart or map (if applicable)
• ✓ Way forward in conclusion

Keywords to Use

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